|
Atma Upanishad or Atmopanishad ((サンスクリット:आत्मा उपनिषत्)), is one of 108 Upanishadic Hindu scriptures, written in Sanskrit language. It is one of the 31 Upanishads, associated with the ''Atharvaveda''. It is classified as a Samanya (non-sectarian) Upanishad. The Upanishad is in prose and is presented as a sermon by the sage Angiras about the three types of ''atman'' (Atma): body, Soul and Paramatman, Supreme Soul (God). ==Contents== The ''Atma Upanishad'' begins with an invocation to the gods in general and then specific deities are named: Indra, Surya, Garuda and Brihaspati. The prayers seek blessings of eyes and ears to pray and offer obeisance; to give the reciter a life span that the divine being ordains; bestow goodness; and show the way to salvation. Sage Angiras defines a person as manifested in three types of ''atman'' (Self): external atman (body), the internal atman (Soul), and the Paramatman, the Supreme atman. The external atman is composed of the anatomical organs and parts to see, perceive, act, react and procreate. The external atman, the physical body, is perishable.〔 Angiras explains that the inner atman is perceived through the five elements: Prithvi (Earth), Ap (water), Vayu (air), Agni (fire) and Akasha (ether). It is also discerned by way of ambition, anger, fear, hatred, lasciviousness and Maya (illusion). The inner atman recognizes memory, speech – shriekings or shouts made in high, medium and low voice and experiences fine arts of dance, music and acting. It engages in sensory perceptions of hearing, smelling, tasting, thinking and knowing. The inner atman is conscious and distinguishes between scriptures like Puranas and Dharmashastras, and philosophical schools like Nyaya and Mimamsa.〔 Angiras expounds that the Paramatman, the Supreme atman as the one who is venerated by syllables of the Om. One mediates over him by practising yoga: breath-control, withdrawing in the mind and other yogic exercises. Like the seed of the ficus tree or millet cannot be comprehended by even by breaking into 100,000 parts, similarly Paramatman is indecipherable. He is interpreted to be as minuscule as 100,000th of a seed. Paramatman – the Purusha – is indestructible and indivisible. He neither takes birth nor dies nor decays. He cannot be divided, burnt or destroyed. He is beyond the ''guna''s (qualities). He has no limbs, stains or ambition and is untouched by the feelings of the sensory organs. He is all pervading, who removes impurity, purifies the non-pious, and for whom there is no effect of work.〔 In the concluding part, the prayers offered at the invocation are repeated.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Atma Upanishad」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|